Therefore, they may survive refrigerator temperatures or heating. These spore forming organisms can survive in harsh environments. īacillus cereus is a cause for food poisoning, with prominent vomiting. Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae have the following characteristics: They are gram-negative rods, either motile with peritrichous flagella or nonmotile grow on peptone or meat extract media without the addition of sodium chloride or other supplements grow well on MacConkey agar grow aerobically and anaerobically (are facultative anaer.Many of them have become antibiotic resistant. Įnterococcal species within a genus of Streptococcus are gut commensals that are not ordinarily a problem until there is perforation of a viscus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a motile (single polar flagella) gram-negative bacillus that is oxidase positive and a strict aerobe.Gram negative bacilli such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa may be termed as. parahemolyticus produces a less severe diarrhea, and contaminated shellfish are often implicated as the source. Oxidase positive, glucose non-fermenting. The organism is not invasive, but the toxin is powerful, and treatment requires prompt fluid and electrolyte replacement. cholera that elaborates a toxin causing a profuse watery diarrhea. Vibrio species involving the GI tract include the highly virulent V. Mesenteric lymph node involvement may occur, from where sepsis may originate. It often involves the terminal ileum, resulting in signs and symptoms resembling appendicitis. Yersinia enterocolitica is a less common organisms in the family Enterobacteriaceae that can cause diarrhea (bloody if severe), abdominal pain, and vomiting. Aninmals are often implicated as the source. Ĭampylobacter jejuni can cause watery, and sometimes bloody, diarrhea and abdominal pain.Shigella organisms are virulent and can produce a necrotizing colitis and cause dysentery (a bloody diarrhea). Both blood and urine cultures are positive for an oxidase-negative, gram negative rod that is colorless on MacConkeys agar. The more common Salmonella enterica produces cramping abdominal pain and diarrhea it is often found in contaminated poultry products. Salmonella typhi starts as a gastrointestinal infection, but can become a systemic disease. They may play a role in such diverse pathologic processes as periodontal disease and colon cancer. coli constitutes a substantial amount of gut flora, then specific serotypes known to cause illness must be identified, such as serotype O157:H7 producing a shiga-like toxin that can lead to hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli may cause infections anywhere in the body the most common types are oral and dental, pleuropulmonary, intra-abdominal, female genital tract and skin, soft tissue and bone infections ( Table 20-1 ). A standard stool culture identifies Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, and Yersinia enterocolitica. Stool culture must be performed to identify specific pathogens, because stool contains an abundance of commensal bacteria.
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